Sunday, January 29, 2012

INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC FACTORS IN NON-FAT DRY MILK


Non-fat dry milk is whole milk from which moisture and cream have been removed. This product still contains the other nutrients like minerals, vitamins, natural sugar and high quality protein; milk fat is content left ranges from 0.6 - 1.25% of total product weight (1, 3). The reduced moisture content (2.0 – 4.5 % of total product weight) or low water activity in dried milk will prevent microbial growth and spoilage (1, 3).  Exposure of the product to moisture will cause caking, undesirable changes in flavor and increased microbial growth which may result in food borne illnesses (1). Non-fat dry milk is also canned under nitrogen and carbon dioxide to exclude oxygen thus preventing microbial growth, browning and change of flavor due to oxidation of dried milk (1, 2). Additionally, milk proteins lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase have known anti-microbial properties.
Storage temperature for dry milk depends on the time the product is to be stored. Products that are to be shelved for 3, 24 and 48 months should be shelved at 90o, 70o and 50oF respectively to prevent microbial growth (1).  The dry milk product should also be stored in an air tight container and a cool dry dark place with less than 65% relative humidity. Exposure to light will accelerate undesirable chemical changes (1).
References
1.      Charlotte, P. B. 1992. Utah State University Cooperative Extension: Storage of dry milk products. Document no. FN177. Available at: http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/FN_177.pdf. Last accessed on 27/1/2012
2.      Henrik, S., B. R. Nielsen, and L. H. Skibsted. 1997. Effect of heat treatment, water activity and storage temperature on the oxidative stability of whole milk powder. Int. Diary J. 7:331-339
3.      United States Diary Export Council. Nonfat dry milk and skimmed milk powder. Document no. 82271. Available at: http://www.usdec.org/Products/content.cfm?ItemNumber=82654&navItemNumber=82271. Last accessed on 28/1/2012

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